<p><em>We're rascals and scoundrels, we're villains and knaves.</em></p><p><em>We're devils and black sheep, we're really bad eggs.</em></p><p><em>We're beggars and blighters and ne'er do-well cads,</em></p><p><em>Aye, but we're loved by our mommies and dads,</em></p><p><em>Stand up me hearties, yo ho!</em></p><p><em>Yo ho, yo ho, a pirate's life for me!</em></p><br><p><strong>Time Period Covered:</strong></p><p>ca. 1521-1550 CE</p><br><p><strong> Sources Cited:</strong></p><p>Andrade, Tonio and Xing Hang. “Introduction: The East Asian Maritime Realm in Global History: 1500-1700” in <em>Sea Rovers, Silver, and Samurai: Maritime East Asia in Global History, 1500-1700</em>.</p><p>Chin, James K. “Merchants, Smugglers, and Pirates: Multinational Clandestine Trade on the South China Coast, 1520-50” in <em>Elusive pirates, pervasive smugglers: violence and clandestine trade in the Greater China Seas.</em></p><p>Geiss, James. “The Chia-ching reign, 1522-1566” in <em>The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644, Part I.</em></p><p>Laver, Michael. “Neither Here nor There: Trade, Piracy, and the ‘Space Between’ in Early Modern East Asia” in <em>Sea Rovers, Silver, and Samurai: Maritime East Asia in Global History, 1500-1700</em>.</p><p>Petrucci, Maria Grazia. “Pirates, Gunpowder, and Christianity in Late Sixteenth-Century Japan” in <em>Elusive pirates, pervasive smugglers: violence and clandestine trade in the Greater China Seas.</em></p><p>Wills, John E. “Maritime China from Wang Chih to Shih Lang: Themes In Peripheral History” in <em>From Ming to Ch’ing: Conquest, Region, and Continuity in Seventeenth-Century China.</em></p><p><br></p><br /><hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>

<p>A brief history of Mid-Autumn Festival, and the tale of Hou Yi the Archer &amp; the Ten Suns, and Chang'e &amp; the Moon</p><br><p><em>In other words, please be true</em></p><p><em>In other words, I love you.</em></p><br><p>Sources:</p><p>Barlett, Scarlett. <em>The Mythology Bible: The Definitive Guide to Legendary Tales.</em></p><p>Masaka, Mori. “Restoring the ‘Epic of Hou Yi’” in <em>Asian Folklore Studies, vol. 52, no. 5.</em></p><p>Yang, Lihui, Demin An, and Jessica Anderson Turner. <em>Handbook of Chinese Mythology.</em></p><br /><hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>

<p>The Jiajing Emperor rounds out the back-half of his interminably long reign by hiding away in his personal palace, and only occasionally coming out to tell everyone what a terrible job they're all doing. The Mongols seize on Ming weakness to basically do whatever they want, and the Ming respond by turtling even harder and building more walls. Without a imperial guiding hand, the ministers are left to their own devices... with predictably selfish and myopic results.</p><br><p>Time Period Covered:</p><p>1550-1567 CE</p><br><p>Major Historical Figures:</p><p>Ming Empire:</p><p>The Jiajing Emperor (Zhu Houcong) [r. 1521-1567]</p><p>Gen. Qiu Ruan [d. 1552]</p><p>Grand Secretary Xia Yan [1482-1548]</p><p>Grand Secretary Yan Song [1480-1567]</p><p>Grand Secretary Xu Jie [1512-1578]</p><br><p>Mongolia:</p><p>Altan Khan [1507-1582]</p><p>Prince Toghto</p><br><p>Major Works Cited:</p><p>Bacon, Francis. “Of empire” in <em>The essays of Francis Bacon</em> (1908).</p><p>Geiss, James. “The Chia-ching reign, 1522-1566,” in <em>The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 7: the Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644, Part I.</em></p><p><br></p><br /><hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>

<p><em>Let the state be small and the people few:</em></p><p><em>So that the people…</em></p><p><em>fearing death, will be reluctant to move great distances</em></p><p><em>and, even if they have boats and carts, will not use them.</em></p><p><em>So that the people…</em></p><p><em>Will find their food sweet and their clothes beautiful,</em></p><p><em>will be content with where they live and happy in their customs.</em></p><p><em>Though adjoining states be within sight of one another</em></p><p><em>and cocks crowing and dogs barking in one can be heard in the next,</em></p><p><em>yet the people of one state will grow old and die without having had any dealings with those of another.</em></p><p><br></p><br /><hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>

<p>The Jianwen Emperor plays shell-games with his dad's spirit tablet, decides Confucius has had it too good for too long, gets gross in his pursuit for immortality, and tries breath-play with his concubines... oh yes, and fire. So, so much fire.</p><br><p>Time Period Covered:</p><p>ca. 1524-1547 CE</p><br><p>Major Historical Figures:</p><p>The Jiajing Emperor (Zhu Houcong) [r. 1521-1567]</p><p>Empress Dowager Zhang [r. 1505-1541]</p><p>Empress Chen [r. 1522-1528]</p><p>Empress Zhang [r. 1529-1534]</p><p>Empress Fang [r. 1534-1547]</p><p>Confucius [551-479 BCE]</p><p>Minister Xia Yan</p><p>Minister Huo Tao</p><br><p>Major Sources Cited:</p><p>Works Cited:</p><p>Geiss, James. “The Chia-ching reign, 1522-1566,” in The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 7: the Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644, Part I.</p><p>Huang, Weibo. “The palace rebellion of ‘Renyin’ and the Jiajing Emperor’s belief in alchemy” in Xiang Chao.</p><p>McMahon, Keith. Celestial Women: Imperial Wives and Concubines in China from Song to Qing.</p><p>Zhang, Tingyu. History of Ming, Vol. 114, Historical Biography 2, Empresses and Concubines 2.</p><p>Zhang, Yongchang. “The ‘Renyin’ palace rebellion: palace women sacrifice themselves” in Quanzhou Wenxue.</p><br /><hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>

<p>ca. 1470-1480 CE</p><br><p>Under the tutelage of his queen Mandukhai, Dayan Khan grows from helpless boy to leader of men, learning along the way that vengeance is a dish best served cold.</p><br><p>Part 1 of 2 (whole version available at https://www.patreon.com/thehistoryofchina):</p><br /><hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>

<p>The widow-queen of the Mongols, Mandukhai, seizes the reins of her own fate, entreating the spirits of sky and earth to help her in her quest to reunite her broken people and return sovereignty and glory to Mongolia. Oh, and she also marries a 7-year-old, which is a little strange, but makes sense in context.</p><br><p>Time Period Covered:</p><p>1470~1480 CE</p><br><p>Major Historical Figures:</p><p>Mandukhai Khatun [ca. 1449-1510]</p><p>Dayan Khan (Batu Mongke) [1462-1543?]</p><p>Gen. Une-Bolod [?-?]</p><p>Ismayil Taishi [d. 1486]</p><br><p>IZHRFtmFcUK0fVmjUCMM</p><br /><hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>